Study on Phytochemical Composition of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Their Role on Promoting Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Numerous novel metabolites from marine algae have been found to have potent pharmacological effects in recent studies. Red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) are thought to be functional foods that can help treat metabolic syndrome. The red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L. M.Liao has been used extensively for its nutritional properties and has demonstrated promising results in the beauty and health-based industries. This research examines the phytochemical components, antioxidant properties, and potential anticancer effects of ethanolic extracts of K. alvarezii that enabled the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP's). The findings demonstrated that K. alvarezii's ethanolic extract had high concentrations of phenols, steroids, saponins, and flavonoids. Furthermore, the DPPH radical scavenging activity was analyzed to screen the antioxidant properties of gold nanoparticles and the findings showed that the various concentrations of AuNP's significantly reduced the production of DPPH radicals. Additionally, the cytotoxic capability was evaluated against the human lung cancer epithelial cell line (A549) using the MTT assay. The A549 cells viability significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, according to the results of the cytotoxicity experiment. Our results revealed that K. alvarezii's ethanolic extract possess potential bioactive compounds and when it is incorporated with gold nanoparticles it has a significant antioxidant and anticancer properties.