Iatrogenic extrusion of endodontic materials into the inferior alveolar nerve during endodontic procedures: A case series

This case series analyzes five patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital for iatrogenic inferior alveolar nerve injuries caused by the extrusion of endodontic materials (calcium hydroxide paste and an MTA-based sealer). The study evaluates the clinical characteristics, symptom onset, anatomical injury distribution, and treatment outcomes for each case. By identifying patterns in radiographic and symptomatic findings, it aims to clarify the degree of nerve involvement and explores how the physicochemical properties of each material affect the perineural space. Through a review of recovery patterns following both surgical and conservative management, the report serves as a practical reference for clinicians. Ultimately, it emphasizes the critical importance of meticulous technique in root canal procedures and the ne-cessity of timely diagnostic imaging when nerve injury is suspected.