International experience in the regulation of physical education as a mandatory component of higher education curricula

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Regulatory models for physical education vary widely across countries, impacting student health and program structure.
In China, Vietnam, and Kazakhstan, physical education is legally mandated, with defined hours and assessments.
The U.S. and India adopt a hybrid model for physical education, balancing governmental guidelines with university autonomy.
EU countries generally classify physical education as elective or partially mandatory, influenced by institutional policies.

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This article reveals differences in physical education regulation in countries like China and the U.S., suggesting implications for Ukraine.

Мандюк et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This article reveals differences in physical education regulation in countries like China and the U.S., suggesting implications for Ukraine.