Exploring the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Sustainable Bentonite Concrete

The rising global demand for cement has posed significant environmental challenges, including excessive energy consumption, depletion of natural resources, and contributions to climate change. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) offer a sustainable solution by providing eco-friendly alternatives for cement production. They enable the development of durable and environmentally friendly concrete. This study investigates the individual and combined effects of bentonite and silica fume as partial replacements for cement in polypropylene fiber (PF)-reinforced concrete. The experimental program consisted of 18 unique mixes, including one control mix that used only OPC as the binder. Six primary mixes replaced 10% OPC with bentonite, incorporating micro-PF at varying levels from 0% to 1.25% (in 0.25% increments). Another six mixes replaced 10% OPC with silica fume, maintaining the same PF variations. Additionally, five tertiary mixes combined 15% bentonite and 5% silica fume as SCMs, with PF content ranging from 0.25% to 1.25%. Performance evaluation included tests for slump, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and water absorption. Results revealed that increasing PF content beyond 0.75% mostly adversely affected concrete properties.