This article focuses on the spread of Internet memes centred on the use of subtitling and closed captioning techniques. Through an interdisciplinary methodological approach, based on digital discourse analysis and media archaeology, we observe the evolution of techno-graphic compositions that mobilise the sampling or modification of subtitled images to produce viral translation word-plays. The general purpose of this article is to propose a typological categorisation of such memes, showing how they draw their comic and memetic potential from the specific features of cinematic or automatic subtitling.
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Gabriele Stera (2025) studied this question.
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