Supplementary Fig. S14 from Perivascular NOTCH3⁺ Stem Cells Drive Meningioma Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Radiotherapy

Supplementary Fig. 14. Meningioma invasion of Virchow-Robin spaces. A, H&E low magnification (top) and high magnification (box, bottom) images of human meningioma invasion into perivascular fluid-filled cavities surrounding perforating vasculature of the brain. Densely cellular meningioma is shown at the top of each image, and islands of perivascular tumor within the brain parenchyma (dashed lines, bottom) are shown at the bottom of each image. Scale bars, 100µm. B, Low magnification (top) and high magnification (box, bottom) images of IHC for the brain parenchyma marker GFAP validates invasion of unlabeled meningioma cells into Virchow-Robin spaces without direct invasion of the brain parenchyma itself. C, IHC for the mural cell marker SMA (top) or the meningioma cell marker SSTR2A (bottom) validates meningioma invasion into Virchow-Robin spaces.