Influence of V substitutions on sintering behaviors and microwave dielectric properties of Ba₄LiNb₃O₁₂ ceramic

In this study, a series of Ba 4 Li(Nb 1‐x V x ) 3 O 12 (x = 0.05∼0.3) ceramics were synthesized using the solid‐state reaction method. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the composite ceramics contain both Ba 4 LiNb 3 O 12 and Ba 3 (VO 4 ) 2 phases, without any other phases present. The grains consist of Ba 4 LiNb 3 O 12 and Ba 3 (VO 4 ) 2 , as illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Additionally, with the increase of V content, the grain size decreases, and the (microwave dielectric constant) decreases, the (resonant frequency temperature coefficient) value decreases, and the value increases (where = quality factor = 1 / dielectric loss, and = resonant frequency). The densest Ba 4 Li(Nb 0.7 V 0.3 ) 3 O 12 , with a of 31.3, of + 70 ppm/°C, and high of 42 850 GHz, was obtained at a sintering temperature of 1350°C. Furthermore, the addition of 5 wt.% BaCu(B 2 O 5 ) (BCB) into Ba 4 Li(Nb 0.7 V 0.3 ) 3 O 12 resulted in obtaining dense ceramics at a sintering temperature of 925°C, with a of 23.5, a high value of 14 370 GHz, and of + 88 ppm/°C. Further investigations have shown that Ba 4 Li(Nb 1‐x V x ) 3 O 12 ceramics are chemically compatible with Ag, suggesting its potential use in low‐temperature cofired ceramics technology.