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Gastric cancer (GC) remains a critical global health issue, with rising morbidity and mortality rates. Recent epidemiological studies have deepened our understanding of the correlations between GC and other gastrointestinal illnesses, enhancing diagnosis and treatment options. This review highlights key developments in the use of "serological biopsy" for cancer risk assessment, focusing on biomarkers such as pepsinogen, gastrin, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies. These markers have demonstrated effectiveness in identifying early gastric diseases and predicting infection risks, particularly in high-risk regions. Serologic biopsy is poised for widespread adoption as a non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic method, offering improved patient monitoring and individualized treatment strategies. Perioperative chemotherapy has emerged as a standard treatment for GC, showing significant improvements in survival, reduced tumor recurrence, and better surgical outcomes. This combination therapy has shifted treatment paradigms by optimizing preoperative tumor reduction, thereby enhancing surgical efficacy. The development of personalized medicine based on serologic biomarkers promises further advances in tailoring treatment to individual cancer characteristics. The review also explores the contentious association between H. pylori and various gastrointestinal cancers, including gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, esophageal carcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma. H. pylori has been implicated in the development of MALT lymphoma, with studies showing that eradicating the bacterium can lead to lymphoma remission. The bacteria’s potential role in gastric and esophageal cancers remains debated, as conflicting studies have presented varying degrees of correlation. Similarly, the relationship between H. pylori and colorectal cancer, as well as its association with other gastrointestinal malignancies, requires further exploration. This review covers key epidemiological insights into GC, preventive strategies for colorectal cancer, and emerging diagnostic and treatment indicators for both gastric cancer and lymphoma. It also discusses the evolving understanding of H. pylori's role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis and its potential impact on future cancer prevention strategies.
Aravindh et al. (Tue,) studied this question.