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The article discusses the European Union's commitment to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its trade policy. The EU has been a strong advocate for open markets and free trade, with the WTO at the core of its trade policy. However, the article highlights a growing gap between the EU's ideals and its actual practices, particularly during the Doha Round of WTO negotiations, where the EU's leadership was criticized for its stance on agricultural subsidies, services sector liberalization, and high-standard agenda, which contributed to the negotiation's stalemate.The article examines the EU's role in the Doha Round, its approach to Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA), services issues, and the Singapore Issues. It notes the EU's shift from a proactive reformer to a reactive defender, adopting a more pragmatic approach to negotiations. The EU has also been accused of "creeping protectionism," where it has incrementally adopted protectionist measures under the guise of trade defense.Furthermore, the article discusses the EU's motivation for WTO reforms, its efforts to coordinate positions among WTO members, and its attempts to lead WTO reform amid rising tensions between China and the USA. The EU has published a guiding document on WTO reform, outlining its concerns and priorities, such as dispute settlement, intellectual property protection, and subsidies. In summary, the article reflects on the EU's role in the WTO, its challenges in the Doha Round, the development of protectionist tendencies, and its active role in promoting WTO reforms. It concludes by emphasizing the EU's responsibility to embrace diversity and lead in transforming the global system for the advancement of humankind.
Zhang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.