Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Hemolytic, and Antibacterial Effects of Astragalus gombo (L.) Leaves

The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical content and biological activities of Astragalus gombo (endemic species). We conducted an HPLC analysis to identify the secondary metabolites. Antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP), anti-inflammatory, anti-hemolytic and antibacterial activities were evaluated. For the HPLC analysis, we obtained 65 peaks and identified six major bioactive compounds. The total concentration of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins varied, respectively, from 66.3±0.9 mg GA eq/g, 34.31±1.4 mg Q eq/g and 5.3±2.7 mg Ca eq/g. In terms of antioxidant activity, the extract exhibited high inhibitory activity, equivalent to IC50 = 62.81±0.01 μg/mL for DPPH and IC50 = 19.37±0.04 μg/mL for FRAP. The anti-inflammatory activity was estimated to be high at 1615.8±2.8 μg/mL, the anti-hemolytic activity was weak and the antibacterial activity against the five strains under study was moderately strong. This study demonstrated that the aqueous extract of A. gombo from El Oued region has remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity.