Multifunctional Nanofiber Membranes Constructed by Microfluidic Blow-Spinning to Inhibit Scar Formation at Early Intervention Stage

Pathological scarring has been a challenge in skin injury repair since ancient times, and prophylactic treatment in the early stages of wound healing usually results in delayed wound healing. In this study, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and chitosan (CTS) were used as carrier materials to construct multifunctional pirfenidone (PFD)/CTS/PEO (PCP) nanofiber membranes (NFMs) loaded with PFD by microfluidic blow-spinning (MBS). MBS is a good method for quickly, safely, and greenly constructing large-area manufacturing of inexpensive NFMs. PCP NFMs were uniform in external morphology, with diameters ranging from 200 to 500 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of the drug-loaded PCP NFMs was above 80%, which had a good slow release, visualization, water absorption, and biocompatibility. The inhibitory effect of PCP NFMs on normal human dermal fibroblasts was dose-dependent and inhibited the expression of the transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD family member 3 (TGF-β1/SMAD3) signaling pathway. PCP NFMs showed significant antibacterial effects against both