Economic and Environmental Degradation in ASEAN: A Focus on Indonesia, Singapore, and Myanmar

This study aims to analyze the determinants of greenhouse gas emissions in several ASEAN countries. The research utilizes secondary data from the World Bank covering the period from 1990 to 2019, employing panel data regression with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) estimation. The findings reveal that all independent variables in the study have a significant relationship with CO2 emissions, with coefficients below 1, indicating an inelastic effect. Specifically, higher GDP per capita increases CO2 emissions, while higher FDI reduces them. This suggests that while economic growth contributes to higher CO2 emissions, foreign investment may help reduce emissions. It is important to note that these results are specific to the countries studied (Indonesia, Singapore, and Myanmar) and cannot be generalized to other countries.