Magic squares have long been used in divination and art, due to their magic and wonder. Among them, perfect magic squares are considered valuable as magic squares with special properties, and mathematicians have been interested in them and studied them. However, the achievements that are currently known are how to make a certain perfect magic square, and nothing is known about the number of all perfect magic squares, the unified formula, or the structure. This paper focused on symmetry and clarified the unified formula and structure.
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H. Sakai (2024) studied this question.
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