Chandipura Vesiculovirus: Clinical Manifestation, Neuroinvasion and Public Health Interventions

Chandipura virus (CHPV), a vesiculovirus in the Rhabdoviridae family, has emerged as a critical pathogen responsible for severe encephalitis outbreaks in rural India, predominantly affecting children. This review examines the current understanding of CHPV’s epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and available diagnostic and treatment strategies. CHPV, transmitted primarily through phlebotomine sandflies, can cause rapid progression from febrile illness to severe neurological symptoms and death, with a high case fatality rate. Despite advancements in diagnostic methods like real-time PCR and improved serological assays, no specific antiviral treatments are available. Research into vaccines and antiviral therapies is ongoing, showing promising results but requiring further validation. Effective prevention relies heavily on vector control, public awareness, and improved sanitation. The importance of this review lies in its comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge and its emphasis on the urgent need for enhanced surveillance, early detection, and preventive measures. By highlighting gaps in current understanding and outlining potential research directions, this review underscores the critical need for continued efforts to mitigate CHPV’s impact on public health.