The Effects of Multicomponent Exercise on Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Population: A Randomized Control Trial

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of multicomponent exercise on mild cognitive impairment in older adults. Materials and Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at the Department of Rehabilitation at Pakistan Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi. Fifty-eight older persons with mild cognition impairment were allocated randomly into 2 groups. The participants of the experimental group (n=29) performed multicomponent exercises two times a week for 55-60 minutes. In the control group (n=29), participants performed 20 minutes of treadmill walking thrice a week. Both groups performed these exercises for 6 weeks. Pre and post assessment was carried out at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention for the following test: Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail-making test A (TMT-A) and Trail making test-B (TMT-B). Data was analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: The overall mean age of study participants was 62.74±74 years. Within-group analysis for MMSE, MoCA, TMT-A, and TMT-B significantly improved (p <0.05) in the experimental group in comparison to the control group. Between-group analysis showed that all parameters were significantly improved (P <0.05) at post-intervention assessment. Conclusion: Multicomponent exercise training was found to be effective in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. A combination of exercise can enhance cognitive function, help in the prevention of the decline in cognitive function, and reduce the risk for dementia.