Association Between Sex Hormones Levels and Cancer Prevalence in Women：A Study On NHANES 2007-2020

Abstract Background: Estradiol and testosterone are the two most important sex hormones in the human body. Previous studies have shown that these two sex hormones have a certain relationship with the prevalence of cancer. Methods: Subject data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis, interaction analysis, RCS, and mediation effects. Measures in the demographic characteristics data were described as mean (SD) to describe the distribution, and t-tests were used to determine differences between groups. Count data were expressed as N (%), and the chi-square test was used to determine differences between groups. Results: The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed a negative correlation between testosterone levels and cancer prevalence, and a negative correlation between estradiol levels and breast cancer prevalence. Cancer prevalence and breast cancer prevalence were both lower in people with high estradiol and testosterone levels. There was a significant non-linear relationship between estradiol and cancer prevalence (P=0.03), while there was a significant linear relationship between testosterone and cancer prevalence (P=0.27). None of the results of the median analysis showed a significant linear relationship between testosterone and cancer incidence (P>0.05). Association between testosterone and cancer risk mediated by PIR (IE=-6.46e-04, P=0.54;DE=-8.18e-02, P<0.01). Association between testosterone and cancer risk mediated by Energy (IE=-5.45e-04, P=0.89;DE=-8.08e-02, P<0.01). Conclusion: Serum testosterone levels were more significantly and negatively correlated with cancer prevalence in women. Serum estradiol levels were more significantly and negatively correlated with breast cancer prevalence. There was a significant nonlinear relationship between estradiol and cancer prevalence.