Physicochemical and Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10) Analysis of Air from Residential Areas: In-vitro Cytotoxicity Analysis of Particulates Against Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

Urban area air pollution has become a source of serious health impacts on city dwellers.The main purpose of this research is to investigate the major ambient air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , TVOC, and HCHO).Data was collected (n = 50) using a portable air quality instrument during the spring season and spatial distribution analysis was carried out using GIS software to identify the hotspots.A significant number of locations were found to be higher in measured pollutant levels as compared to WHO and PEQS guidelines limits of PM 10 and PM 2.5 .The highest values of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were measured along the main roads.The highest values of TVOC and HCHO were measured to be at locations around the drain carrying effluent.The exposure risk found at field sampling sites of TVOC was higher versus HCHO.The in vitro cytotoxicity assay of PM 2.5 and PM 10 was performed against red blood cells (RBCs), the findings revealing a significant toxicity to the RBCs.This research work is significant to document because the concerned authority takes action to mitigate the major air pollutants by controlling transportation and covering the drain side by the plantation.