Maxillary sinus actinomycosis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

The authors present a case of maxillary sinus actinomycosis in a young adult woman. This is a rare condition whose unspecific clinical presentation makes its diagnosis challenging. In this case, the diagnosis was given by the identification of Actinomyces colonies in samples of infected tissue. Treatment consisted of a combined medical and surgical approach. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed to remove diseased mucosa and to aerate the involved sinuses, followed by long-term antibiotic therapy. No recurrence of the disease was observed during follow-up.