Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been used increasingly in immunotherapy, including treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, as an adjuvant therapy in metastatic prostate cancer and metastatic melanoma. However, systemic infection from inadvertent intravenous (instead of intravesical) injection is uncommon and can have systemic ramifications. We encountered 3 patients with disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection that ensued after intravenous BCG injection.
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Acharya et al. (2024) studied this question.
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