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The research aims to analyze Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning solutions using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method in kinematic mode, in which the position is obtained epoch by epoch through data from only one GNSS receiver, precise ephemerides, and satellite clock corrections, both with high accuracy. In this context, the adopted methodology employs the open-source software RTKLIB, which, through its data post-processing capability, enables the evaluation of kinematic PPP performance by incorporating new observables such as L5 and E5a bands, crucial for enhancing positional accuracy and mitigating multipath effects. Additionally, for survey simulations, data from the UFPR and POVE stations of the Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of GNSS (RBMC) were utilized. The selected stations are located in the Northern and Southern regions of Brazil. The GNSS data were processed with the same tracking duration for a 45-minute cold-start, aimed at observing solution convergence. Subsequently, the estimated outputs in RTKLIB were obtained based on station origins using coordinates provided by SIRGAS-CON. Moreover, by utilizing precise ephemerides data, it was possible to conclude that the addition of new observables for triple-frequency positioning led to an improvement in the accuracy of the obtained coordinates, particularly in the Vertical component. In this regard, the increase in accuracy in experiments using only triple-frequency data with a 15° elevation mask was approximately 25% at the UFPR station and about ~37% at the POVE station. Furthermore, it was observed that reducing the elevation mask from 15° to 10° had a positive impact on dual-frequency positioning at the UFPR station, resulting in gains of over 3% in the East component and around ~21% in the North component compared to values obtained with the 15° mask. Similarly, during triple-frequency positioning at the POVE station, gains exceedingly approximately 16% in the North component and around ~22% in the Vertical component were observed.
Camargo et al. (Mon,) studied this question.