Performance analysis of single-frequency real-time single point positioning over Latin America

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) face Common-Mode Errors (CMEs) such as atmospheric delays. While techniques like Differential GNSS (DGNSS) or Precise Point Positioning (PPP) mitigate these errors, Real-Time PPP (RT-PPP) emerges as a promising solution for smart cities and Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) by enhancing accuracy without reference stations. In Latin America, RT-PPP users benefit from Global Ionospheric Models (GIMs) from the International GNSS Service (IGS) and Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) maps from the University of La Plata (MAGN). This work comprehensively compares these products via simulated RT processing, focusing on Single-Frequency (SF) Real-Time Single Point Positioning (RT-SPP), which is crucial for low-cost GNSS-equipped CAV applications. Results demonstrate that MAGN predicts VTEC better across Latin America, showing a 46% average improvement. Consequently, MAGN-based RT-SPP achieves 67% and 21% higher horizontal and total positioning accuracies compared to IGS-based RT-SPP across various test scenarios using extensive observation data.