Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis infiltrating into rectum

Xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis of the female genital tract is an extremely rare entity with less than 30 cases being previously reported in the literature. It is characterized by destruction of the normal tissue followed by replacement with inflammatory cells and foamy macrophages. The clinical characteristics closely resemble those of typical noncancerous and cancerous adnexal conditions, making diagnosis challenging. In this case, we describe a patient with a pelvic mass, elevated tumor marker levels, and a history of using an intrauterine contraceptive device. She underwent surgery with the suspicion of an adnexal tumor, but the pathological examination revealed it to be xanthogranulomatous salpingo-oophoritis.