Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of female adnexa: diverse clinical presentations - a series of 7 cases

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Xanthogranulomatous inflammation, a form of destructive chronic inflammation is a rare occurrence in female genital tract, especially ovary and fallopian tube. Its clinical and radiological presentation mimics ovarian malignancy which poses a diagnostic dilemma at times. Histopathology plays a pivotal role in diagnosis of this entity. We described seven cases in total, out of which two cases showed xanthogranulomatous oophoritis and five had both xanthogranulomatous oophoritis and salpingitis, all diagnosed on histopathology. Majority of the patients had abdominal pain, fever and adnexal mass on examination. Most women were treated based on the working diagnosis of malignancy or severe pelvic inflammatory disease. Histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosis in all these cases, and with the aid of clinical and radiological details helps in ruling out other differential diagnosis.