Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Coliform Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance in Mastitic Cow Milk in Ethiopia

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Abstract Methods The primary databases employed were Google, Google Scholar, HINARI, Web of Science, and PubMed. The quality assessment was performed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. The pooled proportion, the rate of resistance, and a 95% confidence interval were calculated with a random effects model using R software version 4.1.3. Funnel plots, and Eggers were used to assess publication bias. Results Twenty six articles were included for this meta-analysis. The overall pooled proportion of mastitis associated coliform bacteria was 9% (95% CI: 7-11.65%).Substantial heterogeneity was observed in included studies (I2 = 90.6%; P<0.01).Among the major coliform bactera, Eshercia spp had the highest pooled prevalence at 12%, followed by Enterobacter spp at 8%, and Klebsiella spp at 6%. Sub-analysis by level of mastitis, the proportion of occurrence of coliforms isolates was higher 24% (15–37%) compare with subclinical bovine mastitis 15% (10–22%). The subgroup of subgroup analysis of studies under clinical mastitis, Escherichia isolstes was highest proportion (14%), followed Enterobacter spp (9%) and Klebsiella spp (7%) while in subclinical masttis Escherichia was highest proportion (10%), and followed by Klebsiella spp (7%) and Enterobacter spp (5%). In study region, the highest proportion was reported in Somali (53%), followed by Tigray (18%), Amhara (11%), Oromia (9%), SNNPR (8%), AA (7%) and Sidama (6%). Erythromycin (82%) and pencillin (81%) were the higest resistance rate for the treatment of mastitis associated Eshercia spp. The resistance rate of Kelbesila spp for aminoglycoside, sulphonamides, beta-lactm, chloramphenicol and tetracycline was 60%, 49%, 43%, 35% and 22%, respectively. In the present meta-analysis, Escherichia isolates were identified as the most common coliforms in intramammary gland infections. The current investigation supports the claim that cow milk can be considered a significant source of Escherichia spp. The study found that the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia spp could pose a severe risk to consumers in Ethiopia, emphasizing the importance of strict surveillance and the implementation of effective hygiene measures in dairy farms and milk production.