The utilization of organic waste in Europe is limited to anaerobic digestion, composting, incineration, and landfilling. However, organic waste has significant potential for producing chemicals, fibers, and platform chemicals through bioconversion processes. This viewpoint suggests that end-of-waste criteria are needed to define when waste becomes a secondary raw material that ensures a truly circular economy.
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Pleißner et al. (2024) studied this question.
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