Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in a toddler: Unusual presentation with pleural effusion

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation encompasses a series of cystic malformative lesions characterized by aberrant bronchiolar formations of varying size and dispersion. Most cases of this illness are detected in the first few years of life, usually affecting infants. We report a case of CCAM presenting as pleural effusion in a 15-month-old boy who presented with acute respiratory distress. Chest CT revealed a cystic image in the right lower lobe of the lung. The patient had surgical excision, and a pathological examination validated the diagnosis of CCAM type 1 with no malignant material. Following surgery, the patient's general condition improved, and no new respiratory symptoms were observed during an 8-month follow-up period. Increased awareness of this rare condition among pediatricians and radiologists is crucial for facilitating early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.