Primary Renal Lymphoma: A Single-Center Study of 14 Cases

Abstract Objective Primary renal lymphoma (PRL) is defined as a non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)restricted to kidneys without extensive nodal disease. The literature on epidemiology and outcome in PRL is rare. Methods We re-examined the findings from cases previously diagnosed with renal lymphoma at the Department of Urology, People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China, between January 2009 and January 2022. Fourteen cases were identified that met the diagnostic criteria of PRL. Clinical information, including follow-up data, was collected from medical records. Results A total of 14 PRL patients were eligible for the study. Among these patients, there were 7 males and 7 females with an average age of 60.4 years. All cases were unilateral, with 6 cases involving the left kidney and 8 cases involving the right kidney. Eleven patients underwent radical nephrectomy, and two patients underwent partial nephrectomy, all of which were completed successfully. The subtypes included 8 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL), 5 cases of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma༈MZBL༉, and 1 case of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Among the 14 patients, 9 received 4–6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy postoperatively. Four patients were treated with the R-CHOP regimen, 4 patients received the CHOP regimen, and 1 patient with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma was treated with COP-L combined with chidamide. As of June 2022, 7 patients were alive and 7 had died. Of the 5 patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy.The progression-free survival (PFS) had a median duration of 33 (19–66) months. The overall survival (OS) had a median duration of 38 (20–72) months. Conclusions Primary renal lymphoma is a rare lymphoma. In this study, we desscribe demographic,clinical,and pathological characteristics of PRL and factors affecting survival among these patients. DLBCL is the most common histological subtype. Nephrectomy combined with R-CHOP is recommended for treatment, with early diagnosis being crucial for improving patient outcomes.