A Study on Motorists’ P&R Use Behavior in a River–Valley-Type City Considering the Moderating Effect of Terrain Spatial Perception

Traffic problems in China’s river–valley-type cities are prominent. In order to solve these traffic problems, this paper presents four aspects of motorists’ terrain spatial perception according to the characteristics of river–valley-type cities. Based on the structural equation model (SEM), four-dimensional terrain spatial perception is reduced by second-order confirmatory factor analysis. The SEM–Logit model was constructed to analyze the influences of individual socioeconomic attributes, objective built-environment attributes, travel characteristics, and terrain spatial perception on Park and Ride (P&R) use behavior, as well as the moderating effects of terrain spatial perception. The results show that the four latent variables can explain the terrain spatial perception of motorists in river–valley-type cities well. Objective built environments and motorists’ subjective terrain spatial perception have significant impacts on the use of P&R facilities in river–valley-type cities. The terrain spatial perception of motorists in a river–valley-type city moderates the impact of work–residence distance, road slope, river crossing demand, group travel, departure time, and the time saved on P&R use behavior. The research results can provide some reference for solving traffic problems in river–valley-type cities.