Penetration Depth of 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite Solution Using Different Irrigation Needles and Activation Systems: An In Vitro Radiographic Assessment

Aim and objectives: To evaluate and compare the depth of penetration of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution using different irrigation needles and activation systems using radiographic analysis.Materials and methods: Sixty permanent single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected.The four groups (n = 15) based on the type of irrigation needle used were randomly selected from among the 60 samples, and each group was then subdivided into three subgroups (n = 5) according to the activation method.The crowns were decoronated and root canal preparations were done using hand file systems.Radio labeled 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was used as root canal irrigant.The penetration depth of the irrigant was observed with the aid of a radiograph comparing conventional irrigation needles with side vents, double side vents, and TruNatomy needles and with various activation strategies.The data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA.Results: Except side vent and double side vent needles, all needles appear to significantly differ according to pairwise testing for activations.In comparison to other needles, TruNatomy needles demonstrated greater depth of penetration, whereas conventional needles showed the least depth of penetration of the irrigant.All three systems differ significantly in terms of the activation system.When compared to manual dynamic activation (MDA) and ultrasonic systems, the Endo activator produced the best results.