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The Kilosa area of Tanzania has been affected by conflicts between pastoralists and farmers, leading to interferences in daily economic activities in the district. To resolve this growing issue, a study was conducted to establish the underlying causes of conflict and provide alternative and sustainable solutions for resolving disputes in the area. The study employed qualitative methods to investigate the conflicts between farmers and pastoralists. The saturation method was used to draw a sample size of 115 respondents from five villages which were purposively sampled. In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted with farmers, pastoralists, and governmental officials to gather complete accounts of the causes and effects of these conflicts. Also, a detailed literature review was undertaken to provide theoretical support from previous studies. Multi-stakeholder analysis was emphasised to ensure a complete understanding of the conflict dynamics from multiple perspectives. The study revealed the interrelated factors, which include resource competition, climate change, inadequate land tenure systems, weak governance structures, and poor resource management policies, that intensify conflicts between farmers and pastoralists. Therefore, the proposed conflict resolution mechanism includes proper land use plans, diversification of their economies, peace-building committees, embracing good governance, and frequency of police patrol in conflict-prone areas.
Shillingi et al. (Fri,) studied this question.