Recently, observational hints for supermassive black holes have been accumulating, prompting the question: Can primordial black holes (PBHs) be supermassive, particularly with masses M ≳ 10 9 M ⊙ ? A supercritical bubble, containing an inflating baby universe, that nucleated during inflation can evolve into a PBH in our observable universe. We find that when the inflaton slowly transitions past a neighboring vacuum, the nucleation rate of supercritical bubbles inevitably peaks, leading to a mass distribution of multiverse PBHs with a peak mass up to M ≳ 10 11 M ⊙ . Thus, our mechanism naturally provides a primordial origin for supermassive black holes.
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Huang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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