Monoclonal Antibodies in Different Diseases

This article introduces the four development stages of monoclonal antibodies: murine monoclonal antibodies, chimeric monoclonal antibodies, humanized monoclonal antibodies, and fully human monoclonal antibodies. Fully human monoclonal antibodies are among the most advanced and commonly utilized in the world. This article also introduces the disease history, pathogenesis, symptoms, epidemiological history, treatment methods, information on monoclonal antibodies, and the mechanism of action of monoclonal antibodies that can treat hepatitis B virus, trastuzumab and eculizumab. Therapeutic hepatitis B virus monoclonal antibody has not yet entered clinical application, and in-depth research is still needed by scholars. Trastuzumab plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer, and eculizumab is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of rare diseases, known as the "most expensive monoclonal antibody", which plays an important role in the treatment of rare diseases such as PNH. This article is concluded that the in-depth research on the selection of appropriate targets for monoclonal antibodies in clinical applications and the innovative and revolutionary research on the way of administration will become one of the research hotspots in the global biomedical field in the future. Biosimilars will also become a research hotspot in the global biomedical field in the future as a result of researchers, companies, and institutions dedicating a great deal of their research energy to this area as the patents on various monoclonal antibodies expire.