Therapeutic Potential of Alcoholic Extract from Lemna minor Linn. in Attenuating Atherosclerosis Induced by High-Fat Diet in Male Wistar Rats

This study explored the cardioprotective effects of Alcoholic Extract of Lemna minor Linn. (AELM) against high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in male Wistar rats. AELM was administered at doses of 300 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg. Assessments included lipid profiles, oxidative stress markers, cardiac injury enzymes, and liver parameters associated with cholesterol synthesis. Results showed significant reductions in lipid levels, oxidative stress markers, and cardiac injury enzymes, particularly with the higher dose of 800 mg/kg. AELM also lowered the atherogenic index and improved HDLc levels, indicating the potential to mitigate atherosclerosis-related lipid imbalances. Furthermore, AELM exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in the HMG CoA/mevalonate ratio, suggesting inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity, crucial in cholesterol synthesis. Molecular docking studies supported AELM’s antiatherosclerotic potential, with leucine demonstrating favourable binding energies with atherosclerosis-associated enzymes. Histopathological analysis revealed structural improvements in rat aortas with AELM treatment. In conclusion, AELM presents promise as a therapeutic agent against atherosclerosis through modulation of lipid metabolism, attenuation of oxidative stress, and inhibition of HMGCoA reductase activity.