Innovations in Cardiovascular Surgery: Safety and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Abstract Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a transformative innovation in cardiovascular surgery, offering a minimally invasive alternative to conventional open-heart surgery for patients with severe aortic stenosis. It is initially introduced as a treatment option for high-risk surgical candidates, TAVI has progressively expanded its indications to encompass intermediate and even low-risk patients, supported by robust clinical trials demonstrating comparable or superior outcomes to surgical aortic valve replacement. The procedural safety of TAVI has significantly improved with advancements in device technology, procedural techniques, and operator experience, leading to lower rates of procedural complications such as stroke, vascular injury, and paravalvular leak. Furthermore, the long-term effectiveness of TAVI is underscored by favorable outcomes in terms of symptom relief, functional improvement, and overall survival. This review discussed the current evidence on the safety and outcomes of TAVI, emphasizing its role in reshaping cardiovascular surgery paradigms and expanding treatment options for patients deemed high-risk or unsuitable for traditional surgery. As ongoing research continues to refine patient selection criteria, optimize procedural techniques, and enhance postoperative management, TAVI stands poised to further enhance cardiovascular care and outcomes in the foreseeable future.