Role of integron in antibiotic resistance by microbial communities isolated from Iraqi soil

The proliferation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is a significant public health concern. Recent decades have discovered numerous genetic pathways that contribute to the transmission of resistance genes among bacteria. One of these processes is the use of integrons, which are genetic components that can exchange and express genes from gene cassettes (GC). In particular, Gram-negative bacteria spread integrons widely and move them between bacterial populations using plasmids, transposons, and other mobile genetic parts. However, the unaltered collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) is necessary to precisely determine the soil's biodiversity. This study aims to isolate environmental DNA from soil in Iraq and detect their resistant genes for antibiotics.