Prevalence, Severity and Predictors of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Autoimmune Disorder

In recent years, there has been growing attention to the idea that immunological pathways may play a role in some types of psychotic disorders. Researchers have become particularly interested in the connection between autoimmune diseases and psychotic disorders. Genetic studies have linked immune-related genetic markers with schizophrenia, and clinical studies have found elevated levels of inflammatory markers in individuals with psychosis. Additionally, several large-scale epidemiologic studies have found a positive association between autoimmune diseases and psychosis. Specifically, autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and lupus are known to have a higher incidence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including psychosis, compared to healthy individuals. Research has shown a link between autoimmune conditions and greater chances of experiencing mental health problems. There is a proposed connection between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia that works both ways. Previous findings underlined an association between autoimmune disorders and schizophrenia, with evidence of a reciprocal relationship. In addition, having a family history of autoimmune diseases may elevate the likelihood of developing psychotic disorders. This review will examine the epidemiological evidence that supports the association between autoimmune diseases and psychosis. Possible explanations for this link will be explored, including shared genetic risk factors, the impact of infections on autoimmunity and psychotic disorders, and the role of the microbiome. The review will also discuss the effects of autoantibodies and T- and B-cell dysregulation on both disease categories and the need for further research. Examining the connection between autoimmune diseases and psychosis is essential in understanding the etiological mechanisms of psychotic disorders and highlighting the significance of somatic comorbidity in patients with these disorders.