The relationship of IL-1β/IL-10 ratio, pain degree and CTX-II levels with histopathological features of facet joint osteoarthritis in patients with lumbal spinal canal stenosis

Introduction: Osteoarthritis of the facet joint is the final stage of spinal degeneration. Cytokines are believed to play a crucial role in degenerative joint diseases. This study was conducted to prove the relationship between the IL-1β/IL-10 ratio, the degree of pain, and the levels of CTX-II with the histopathological features of facet joint osteoarthritis in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Methods: The research design is a Cross-Sectional design with consecutive sampling. This study involves patients diagnosed with lumbar spinal canal stenosis according to the hospital's standard operating procedure from January 2023 to September 2023. CTX-II and Plasma IL-10 cytokine levels were examined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Histopathology is obtained through staining under a microscope. The data obtained in the study were analyzed, and significant result was p<0.05. Results: A total of 38 samples were obtained. There were more males than females, with 52.6% and 47.4%, respectively. The demographic data showed an average age of 58 years. A statistically significant relationship was found between CTX-II and the histological degree of OA in facet joints, with a p-value of 0.043 (p < 0.05) and a weak positive correlation strength (0.330). Meanwhile, the IL-1β/IL-10 ratio showed a weak positive correlation (0.490) with a p-value of 0.002. ODI exhibited a positive correlation with a strength of (0.393) and a p-value of 0.015. A statistically significant relationship was found for IL-1β with a p-value of 0.039, and IL-10 with a p-value of 0.031 (p > 0.05). The correlation strengths were positive for IL-1β (0.327) and negative for IL-10 (-0.336). Conclusion: There was a relationship between the IL-1β/IL-10 ratio, the degree of pain, and the levels of CTX-II with the histopathological features of facet joint osteoarthritis in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis.