Renal Lithiasis: Clinical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects at the Gabriel Touré University Hospital in Bamako

Introduction: The aim of our study was to investigate renal lithiasis in the urology department of UHC Gabriel Touré. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017 (12 months). All patients were included in our study in whom at least one renal lithiasis larger than 4 mm was diagnosed on imaging and whose management was carried out in the urology department of UHC Gabriel Touré. Results: During the study period, we recorded 23 cases of renal lithiasis out of 49 cases of urinary lithiasis, i.e. 47% of cases. The age group 31 to 40 years was the most represented with 26.1% with an average age of 36 years and extremes ranging from 6 to 62 years. The sex ratio was 1.6 in favour of men. Shopkeepers were the most represented group, accounting for 34.8% of cases. The most common risk factors were meat (87%), milk (65.2%) and fish (52.2%). The main reason for consultation was lumbar pain, with 18 cases (78.3%). Caliciolithiasis of the kidney was the most common, accounting for 65.2% of cases. The right kidney was more affected with 69.6% of cases. Nephrolithotomy was performed in 65.2% of patients, pyelolithotomy in 30.5% and nephrectomy in 4.3% (1 case). Conclusion: Urinary lithiasis is a pathology whose frequency is constantly increasing in both industrialised and developing countries due to changes in socio-economic levels. It affects young adults, especially males.