Evaluation of immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of Curcuma longa L., Ocimum sanctum L. and Piper nigrum L. alone and in combination in broiler

The emergence of AMR and the potential transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes to human microbiota have led to regulatory restrictions on antibiotic use in poultry.In this context, alternative strategies are imperative.Phytogenic feed additives, such as Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), Ocimum sanctum L. (tulsi) and Piper nigrum L. (black pepper), have emerged as promising candidates.C. longa has curcuminoids, renowned for their antioxidant capabilities, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects.Similarly, O. sanctum has pharmacological actions ranging from antimicrobial to cardioprotective effects, offers a compelling option.P. nigrum containing piperine exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.A total of 120 chicks were allocated randomly to 10 groups each of 12 chicks.A total of 120 chicks were allocated randomly to 10 groups each of 12 chicks to evaluate immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of C. longa, O. sanctum and P. nigrum powder and compare the result with control and standard control treatment.Results indicate significant enhancements in cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response and humoral immune response, akin to conventional vitamin E and selenium supplementation.Moreover, supplementation with these additives led to improvements in serum protein levels and antioxidant enzyme activity, suggesting their potential as viable alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters.These findings underscore the potential of phytogenic feed additives as sustainable alternatives to mitigate the challenges posed by AMR in poultry production.