The global scenario of unnecessary or irrational antibiotic consumption is leading to the alarming rise of multiple drug resistance.This review introduces the concept of herbal bioenhancers as a potential solution.Herbal bioenhancers are defined as agents capable of improving the bioavailability and efficacy of coadministered drugs without possessing antimicrobial properties.The ideal characteristics of such substances include safety, compatibility with other active pharmaceutical ingredients, stability, ease of formulation, accessibility and cost-effectiveness.The mechanisms include inhibition of P-glycoprotein efflux pump, stimulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, and regulation of the gastrointestinal tract.Furthermore, specific herbal bioenhancers like piperine, gingerol, and curcumin are examined for their effects on cytochrome P-450 enzymes, uridine diphosphate (UDP) enzymes, and P-glycoprotein.Piperine inhibits cytochrome P-450 enzymes and drug-metabolizing enzymes which promotes enhanced blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract, and modulates proteins and enzymes associated with drug transport, resulting in increased bioavailability.These bioenhancers influence the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, enhancing their therapeutic efficacy.Various research studies were conducted to find out how the pharmacokinetic modulation of drugs in veterinary medicine, emphasizing the versatility and widespread applicability of herbal bioenhancers.
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Bhan et al. (2024) studied this question.
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