Various medicinal properties are inherent in Indian spices.To evaluate the antioxidant activity and its impact on glandular tissues in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NT)-induced diabetic rats, the extract was prepared from black cumin, fenugreek, garlic, and their combination.The experimental rats were divided into six different groups (normal, diabetic, diabetic + Black cumin, diabetic + Fenugreek, diabetic + Garlic, diabetic + Mixture).Induction of diabetes was carried out by intraperitoneal injection of STZ-NT (45 mg/kg -110 mg/kg), followed by treatment with extracts for 90 days.It was found that the level of lipid peroxidation was elevated, whereas superoxide dismutase was diminished in STZ-NT-induced diabetic control rats.The diminished activities of superoxide dismutase exhibited a significant increase when treated with extracts of garlic, fenugreek, black cumin, and their combination in descending order, as compared to the positive control rats.Microscopic tissue alterations revealed vacuolization in acini of the submandubular gland and parotid gland, as well as atrophy of the epithelium of seminal vesicle.The testes revealed vacuolization in the seminiferous tubule with degenerated pachytene spermatozoa in diabetic control rats.The aqueous extracts treatment of garlic, fenugreek, black cumin, and their mixture have shown a positive impact on superoxide dismutase activity, potentially mitigating the oxidative stress and tissue pathological changes induced by diabetes.This protective effect can be ascribed to the diverse array of bioactive compounds present in the spices.
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Sheikh et al. (2024) studied this question.
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