169 De-Mystifying the Characteristics of Gall-Bladder Malignancies in an Underdeveloped Country

Aim To consolidate existing research on the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors associated with gallbladder malignancies. Method A systematic review was conducted across major databases to identify studies, case reports, and clinical trials related to gallbladder malignancies. Articles published within the last few decades were studied, and the findings were analysed and compared against a brief case review of 8 patients, who presented to a single centre in India. Results In our case series, 3 out of 8 patients with GBC were diagnosed post operatively on histopathology and were subjected to radical resections as a second procedure. 4 out of 8 were diagnosed at an advanced stage and treated with palliative intent and 1 was found to have metastatic disease intra operatively. The literature review covers the global prevalence, and disparities in incidence of gallbladder malignancies. It evaluates the role of imaging modalities, biomarkers, and advancements in surgical, chemotherapeutic, and targeted therapeutic interventions. Challenges in early detection and the need for effective screening programs are highlighted. Conclusions The synthesis of this review stresses on the need for further research and improved clinical approaches to improve the understanding, early detection, and management of gallbladder malignancies, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and challenge the existing data on the epidemiology of GB malignancies in under-developed countries, thus prompting further exploration of this topic in larger prospective trials.