Acute Kidney Injury Complicating Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A Case Report

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is a known iatrogenic condition resulting predominantly from an exaggerated response to ovarian stimulation during fertility care. The pathology is characterized by increased capillary permeability, resulting in fluid leakage from the vascular compartment, with third-space fluid accumulation and haemoconcentration. We report a case of severe OHSS in a 33-year-old Para 0+2 woman following in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. She was presented with abdominal pain and distension, dyspnoea, jaundice, reduced urinary output as well as sonographic features of enlarged ovaries with ascites. She had a miscarriage 20 hours before the presentation and recovered fully with multidisciplinary treatment, including haemodialysis. Though OHSS is rare and unpredictable, with varying morbidity and mortality rates, it is pertinent that proper patient selection, early diagnosis, and timely intervention may prevent or lessen some complications associated with this condition.