Evaluation of Bioadsorption Efficiency of the Spent Mushroom Substrate of Calocybe indica for removing Iron from some contaminated Water Samples

Heavy metal contamination in drinking water causes serious health issues. The hazards of heavy metals, especially iron contamination affect human health such as skin roughness, the stickiness of hair, weakness of teeth etc. The objective is to study the heavy metals contaminated water remediation process by mushroom cultivated bags. The mushroom cultivation used agro wastes; the cultivated residues were known as spent mushroom substrates. In the present experiment, Calocybe indica spent mushroom substrates to treat heavy metal contamination from drinking water. The iron-contaminated water concentration rapidly decreased from 0.231±0.01 to 0.134±0.00 with maximum exposure periods. The time exposures, or contact time, have increased and removal efficiency has improved along with the incubation time. The study data inferred more heavy metal adsorption than untreated water samples. An initial pH range of 4.0 to 5.0, a contact duration of 10 minutes, an initial iron (III) concentration of 50 mg/L and an absorbed dose half-saturation constant of 0.4 g were used. The current study showed that the increasing pH of the medium enhanced the adsorption capacity of the spent mushroom substrate. Similarly, the time exposures, or contact time, have increased and removal efficiency has grown along with the incubation time. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing spent mushroom substrates as an economical and portable biosorbent for rural water treatment applications.