Advances in detection, prevention and treatment of heart failure in type 2 diabetes: part II

This review is the second of two that aim to cover the advances in heart failure (HF) prevention, detection and treatment relevant to people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Part I focuses on HF classification and prevention, specifically lifestyle changes and primary preventative techniques including smoking cessation, physical activity, weight loss, lipid and glucose control. This concluded: 1) intensive blood glucose control is not in itself a necessary or sufficient treatment target for HF prevention, and a multifaceted preventative approach is likely to have a greater effect; 2) the most compelling evidence for HF risk reduction is for sodium glucose co- transporter 2 inhibitors although glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists may also have a role; and 3) patients likely to derive most benefit are those at highest risk of developing overt HF, which probably represent the majority of people with T2DM. Part II of this review will cover early detection of cardiac dysfunction and treatment of established heart failure. Particular emphasis is placed on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.