Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) leaf favor the control of Haemonchus contortus

Bioactive compounds from plants are promising alternatives for controlling resistant nematode populations. However, these metabolites must be obtained from plants that are widely available. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Mangifera indica L. leaves for the control of Haemonchus contortus. Larval development inhibition (LDI) in quantitative fecal culture (FC) as well as egg hatching inhibition (EHI) were evaluated. Two in vivo tests were performed to reduce fecal egg counts (FEC) in infected lambs. The concentration of condensed tannin (proanthocyanidin) was 3.79% ± 0.01 for aqueous extract (AE). Further, reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and flavones in this extract. The leaf powder at 30 mg·g-1 displayed 100% efficacy in the LDI test and 20.7% FEC reduction after 14 days of oral treatment with 4.978 g (dm)/kg (bw). In addition, 30 mg·mL-1 of the AE displayed 81.65% efficacy in the EHI test and had an LC90 of 29.88 mg·g-1 in the LDI test. The FEC reduction test revealed an efficacy of 42.8% after 21 days of treatment with AE at 0.601 g·kg-1/bw. Lambs treated with AE had better ocular mucosa score and higher erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and β-globulin concentrations than untreated lambs. Overall, the AE of M. indica leaves promotes high and moderate anthelmintic efficacy in in vitro and in vivo tests, respectively, and increased erythrocyte count. Such findings suggest that the AE of M. indica leaves is an alternative or complementary treatment for hemonchosis.