Ecological management of characteristics of formation waters from flooded deposits

In the oil and gas industry, the volume of formation water, which is a mixture of various organic and inorganic compounds, is the most important waste stream due to its environmental impact. Discharge of formation water, which varies in quality and quantity across horizons, into the natural environment causes serious environmental concerns. The various methods applied in cleaning these waters are not considered effective in removing oil and oil products, as well as dissolved elements, from the water. Additionally, many chemical processes with high cleanup costs result in hazardous wastes that need to be disposed of. The activity of oil and gas extraction enterprises causes changes in the components of natural complexes and ecosystems, as well as the formation of natural and man-made ecosystems. Examining the environmental aspects of the impact of oil and gas field technogenesis on the transformation of environmental components allows us to assess the impact of such systems on the environment, expand and deepen our understanding of the regulation of the results of such an impact. If measures for the neutralization of increasingly dangerous oil pollution are not taken, then the area of soil and water pollution expands. Thus, the manifestation of the consequences of the negative impact occurs long after the pollutant enters the environment. Currently, determination of the condition and possibilities of use of waste formation water generated in oil production enterprises is one of the urgent problems. In general, despite the high contamination of the well product with toxic components which are produced in oil and gas extraction, a justified scientific-methodological assessment of the hazardous effect on the environment of formation waters separated from oil has not been developed. Thus, a complex system of measures should be prepared in the direction of reducing environmental risks in the production of formation waters rather than oil and the management of the volume of these waters during the development of flooded oil fields. Since we know the toxic effect of these waters on the natural environment, the issues of their disposal should be solved based on scientific and theoretical knowledge, and additionally environmental monitoring in oil fields should be improved. Taking into account that oil and gas extraction is one of the industries that require water, therefore, the method applied for efficient use of formation water is one of the main conditions for compliance with theoretically based norms. This article presents methods of disposal of formation waters used in the world practice for repeated technological processes, taking into account ecological-economic indicators. For this reason, taking into account the physico-chemical indicators of formation waters produced together with oil from the fields of Siyazanneft OGES, the efficiency of repeated technological processes was increased by adding N-4 nanocomposition.