Phytochemical Screening, Characterization of Bawang Dayak Extract Nanoparticles, and Literature Review of Nanoparticles as Antihyperglycemia

Dayak onions, a typical Kalimantan plant, have been identified as having potential as an antihyperglycemic agent. However, the use of significant doses of dayak onion can be an obstacle in treatment, inviting research related to making nanoparticles to increase their effectiveness with smaller doses. The aim of this research was to identify secondary metabolites in dayak onion extract and evaluate the characteristics of the nanoparticles produced from the extract. The research method involved extraction using the maceration method, followed by secondary metabolite testing which revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid and saponin compounds, with an extract yield of 1.18%. Nanoparticles were made using the ionic gelation method using various concentrations of chitosan (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%). The results show that the particle sizes vary from 376.6 nm, 354.7 nm, 480.1 nm, 654 nm, with pH also varying from 2.91; 3.27; 3.67; and 3.78. The literature approach used includes systematic analysis of several online journals through journal search databases. Findings from the literature analysis indicated that the nanoparticles exhibited significant antihyperglycemic potential, with effects similar to those of the positive control used in the study.