Basement membrane-related MMP14 predicts poor prognosis and response to immunotherapy in bladder cancer

Abstract Background Basement membrane (BM) is an important component of the extracellular matrix, which plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. However, few biomarkers based on BM have been developed for prognostic assessment and prediction of immunotherapy in bladder cancer (BLCA). Methods In this study, we used the BLCA public database to explore the relationship between BM-related genes (BMRGs) and prognosis. A novel molecular typing of BLCA was performed using consensus clustering. LASSO regression was used to construct a signature based on BMRGs, and its relationship with prognosis was explored using survival analysis. The pivotal BMRGs were further analyzed to assess its clinical characteristics and immune landscape. Finally, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the hub gene in BLCA patients who underwent surgery or received immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy in our hospital. Results We comprehensively analyzed the relationship between BMRGs and BLCA, and established a prognostic-related signature which was an independent influence on the prognostic prediction of BLCA. We further screened and validated the pivotal gene-MMP14 in public database. In addition, we found that MMP14 expression in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) was significantly higher and high MMP14 expression had a poorer response to ICI treatment in our cohort. Conclusions Our findings highlighted the satisfactory value of BMRGs and suggested that MMP14 may be a potential biomarker in predicting prognosis and response to immunotherapy in BLCA.