MATLAB Based Angle Optimization Study for Solar Panels in Bursa

The use of solar energy provides significant opportunities for high levels of clean energy production, particularly in southern regions of our country, given the high energy potential and long periods of sunshine. In recent years, with the increasing focus on sustainability efforts, the utilization of solar energy in our country has been steadily increasing. This study aims to examine the most suitable solar panel angles for the city center of Bursa and Uludag region, with a focus on determining the optimum panel angles on a monthly, seasonal, and yearly basis. The calculation method involved mathematical simulations of panel angles for both regions using MATLAB. Angle values were determined for each degree in the 0-90 degree range for 365 days, based on maximum radiation. The effects of altitude and snowy surface reflection were considered in determining the optimum panel angles. According to the obtained results, the difference between the optimum panel angles for the two regions is 5 degrees annually, it increases to 12 degrees in February. The yearly optimum panel angle is for 34 degrees for the city center, and 39 degrees for Uludag. It was observed that the effect of altitude and snowy surface reflection in Uludag region results in higher panel efficiency and generated electrical energy compared to the city center. Angle values are higher in winter and lower in summer. Although the optimum angle values differ between the two regions during spring and autumn, the yearly total radiation values are the same due to seasonal gains. When considering the seasonal optimum angles for yearly use, the highest total radiation is achieved with the spring and autumn panel angles, while the lowest value is observed with the adjusted panel angle for the summer season. Considering the increase in efficiency based on monthly and yearly optimum angles, it is recommended to adjust the tilt angle periodically to improve the panel efficiency.